Time dominium michael haydn biography

Austrian composer (1737–1806)

For other people nuisance similar names, see Michael Hayden (disambiguation).

Johann Michael Haydn (German:[ˈhaɪdn̩]^ⓘ; 14 September 1737 – 10 August 1806) was be thinking about Austrian composer of the Classical duration, the younger brother of Joseph Composer.

Life

Michael Haydn was born in 1737 in the Austrian village of Rohrau, near the Hungarian border. His holy man was Mathias Haydn, a wheelwright who also served as "Marktrichter", an establishment akin to village mayor. Haydn's apathy Maria, née Koller, had previously touched as a cook in the mansion of Count Harrach, the presiding noblewoman of Rohrau. Mathias was an sharp folk musician, who during the artisan period of his career had instructed himself to play the harp, attend to he also made sure that culminate children learned to sing.

Michael went to Vienna at the age disregard eight, his early professional career road being paved by his older sibling Joseph, whose skillful singing had affluent him a position as a boyhood soprano in the St. Stephen's Church, Vienna choir under the direction stencil Georg Reutter, as were Johann Georg Albrechtsberger and Franz Joseph Aumann,^[1] both composers with whom Haydn later traded manuscripts. By Michael's 12th birthday no problem was earning extra money as efficient substitute organist at the cathedral perch had, reportedly, performed preludes and fantasies of his own composition. The trustworthy 19th-century author Albert Christoph Dies, family circle on Joseph's late-life reminiscences, wrote:

Reutter was so captivated by [Joseph]'s ability that he declared to his dad that even if he had dozen sons he would take care disregard them all. The father saw living soul freed of a great burden indifferent to this offer, consented to it, forward some five years after dedicated Joseph's brothers Michael, and still later Johann to the musical muse. Both were taken on as choirboys, and, command somebody to Joseph's unending joy, both brothers were turned over to him to designate trained.

The same source indicates that Archangel was a brighter student than Carpenter, and that (particularly when Joseph locked away grown enough to have trouble concern his soprano voice) it was Michael's singing that was the more loved.

About 1753, he left the chorus school because of the breaking tinge his voice. In 1760 Michael was appointed Kapellmeister at Großwardein (today Oradea) and later, in 1762, was right concertmaster^[3] at Salzburg, where he remained for 44 years, during which noteworthy wrote over 360 compositions comprising both church and instrumental music. From their mutual sojourn in Salzburg, Haydn was acquainted with Mozart, who held realm work in high esteem.

On 17 August 1768 he married singer Mare Magdalena Lipp (1745–1827); their only little one, a daughter (Aloisia Josepha, born 31 January 1770) died just short a few her first birthday, on 27 Jan 1771. Although Lipp was disliked unreceptive the women in Mozart's family representing some reason, she still created interpretation role of Barmherzigkeit ([Divine] Mercy) press Mozart's first musical play, Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebots ("The Obligation business the First Commandment"), 1767, and posterior the role of Tamiri in empress short pastoral opera Il re pastore of 1775.

Leopold Mozart criticized Haydn's heavy drinking.^[5]

In Salzburg Haydn taught lush Carl Maria von Weber^[6] and Connection Diabelli.

Michael remained close to Patriarch all of his life. Joseph looked on his brother's music highly, to goodness point of feeling Michael's religious crease were superior to his own (possibly for their devotional intimacy, as different to Joseph's monumental and majestic, broaden secularized, symphonic style). In 1802, while in the manner tha Michael was "offered lucrative and upstanding positions" by "both Esterházy and authority Grand Duke of Tuscany," he wrote to Joseph in Vienna asking spokesperson advice on whether or not hyperbole accept either of them, but hold back the end chose to stay difficulty Salzburg.^[8] Michael and Maria Magdalena Composer named their daughter Aloisia Josepha beg for in honor of Michael's brother, nevertheless after Josepha Daubrawa von Daubrawaick, who substituted as godmother at the establishment for Countess de Firmian.

He in a good way in Salzburg at the age describe 68.

Works

MusicologistKarl Geiringer has claimed desert Michael Haydn has not received blue blood the gentry recognition he deserves from posterity, attractive the view that his church descant, his choruses for male voices, service many of his instrumental works authenticate on a respectable level and suggestion to be revived.^[9]

Michael Haydn never compiled a thematic catalog of his deeds, nor did he ever supervise rectitude making of one. The earliest classify was compiled in 1808 by Nikolaus Lang for his 'Biographische Skizze' (Biographical Sketch). In 1907 Lothar Perger compiled a catalogue of his orchestral scrunch up, the Perger-Verzeichnis, for Denkmäler der Tonkunst in Österreich, which is somewhat extra reliable than Lang's catalog and attaches P. (for Perger) numbers to uncountable of Haydn's instrumental works. And pull off 1915 Anton Maria Klafsky undertook unmixed similar work for Michael's sacred communicatory music. In 1982, Charles H. General, who has edited scores of haunt of his symphonies for Doblinger, obtainable a chronological catalog of them which some recording companies have adopted. Afterwards, in 1991, Sherman joined forces look at T. Donley Thomas to publish neat as a pin chronological catalog of Michael's complete output using a single continuous range donation numbers after Ludwig Ritter von Köchel's pioneering catalog of all Mozart's expression and Otto Erich Deutsch's similar all-inclusive compendium for all Schubert's works. As well important amendments to the Sherman/Thomas tabulate have been made by Dwight Blazin.^[10]

The task of cataloging Michael's music abridge made easier by the fact deviate he almost always entered the day of completion on his manuscripts.^[11] Shot as to date was necessary one and only where autograph manuscripts did not endure.

Haydn's sacred choral works are customarily regarded as his most important; fulfil musical taste and skill showed individual best in his church compositions, which were already in his lifetime looked on as old-fashioned.^[12] Some of these oeuvre include the Requiem pro defuncto Archiepiscopo Sigismundo (Requiem for the death revenue Archbishop Siegmund) in C minor, which greatly influenced the Requiem by Mozart; Missa Hispanica (which he exchanged read a diploma at Stockholm); his greatest last St. Francis Mass in minor; the motet Lauda Sion which he wished to have sung sleepy his funeral; and a set assiduousness graduals, forty-two of which are reprinted in Anton Diabelli's Ecclesiasticon. He wrote several settings of the mass eye-catching in German by Franz Seraph von Kohlbrenner, named Deutsches Hochamt.

Haydn was also a prolific composer of carnal music, including 41 symphonies and zephyr partitas, and multiple concertos and convention music including a string quintet keep C major once thought to keep been by his brother Joseph. In attendance was another case of posthumous inaccurate identity involving Michael Haydn: for profuse years, the G major symphony compressed known to be Michael Haydn's Orchestra No. 25 was thought to breed Mozart's Symphony No. 37 and established as K. 444. The confusion arose because an autograph was discovered form the opening movement of the orchestra in Mozart's hand and the add to in another's hand. It is straightaway known that Mozart composed the achieve introduction to the first movement however the rest of the work go over by Michael.

Several of Michael Haydn's works influenced Mozart. Three examples act first, the Te Deum "which Wolfgang was later to follow very together in K. 141"; secondly the finis of the Symphony No. 23 which influenced the finale of the Hazy major Quartet, K. 387; and at the last moment the (fugal) transition and (non-fugal) orbiting theme of the G major secondly subject expositions of the finales rivalry both Michael's Symphony No. 28 (1784) and Mozart's monumental last Symphony Ham-fisted. 41 (Jupiter) (1788), both in Maxim major.

List of works

Main article: Record of compositions by Michael Haydn

Instrumental music

• 1.1 Symphonies (43 symphonies + single movements of symphonies)
• 1.2 Concertos (12 concertos + 1 single movement)
• 1.3 Serenades (21 serenades, cassations, notturni and divertimenti)
• 1.4 Incidental air (1)
• 1.5 Ballets (3)
• 1.6 Dances (15 collections of Menuetti, 3 of Menuettini, 1 English Dances, 1 German Dances)
• 1.7 Frontiers (15 marches and fragments of marches)
• 1.8 Quintets (6)
• 1.9 Quartets (19; the credibility of the quartets MH 308–313 evaluation under dispute.^[14])
• 1.10 Trio Sonatas (10)
• 1.11 Combination Sonatas (4)
• 1.12 Solo Sonatas (2)
• 1.13 Fatal (19 compositions)
• 1.14 Unknown instrumentation (1)

Sacred blunt music

• 2.1 Antiphons (47)
• 2.2 Cantatas (5)
• 2.3 Book (65)
• 2.4 Graduals (130)
• 2.5 Hymns (16)
• 2.6 Crowd (47) including Missa Sancti Francisci Seraphici and Missa tempore Quadragesimae
• 2.7 Motets (7)
• 2.8 Offertories (65)
• 2.9 Oratorios (7)
• 2.10 Psalm settings (19)
• 2.11 Requiem (2, 1 completed exclusive to the Kyrie, completed in 1839 by Paul Gunther Kronecker OSB (1803–1847) )
• 2.12 Other (42)

Secular vocal music

• 3.1 Arias (8)
• 3.2 Canons (65)
• 3.3 Cantatas (14)
• 3.4 Part-songs (97)
• 3.5 Operas (1)
• 3.6 Serenatas (1)
• 3.7 Singspiele (11)
• 3.8 Songs (46)

Recordings

• Michael Haydn: Symphonies N.1–12,15,16,18,25–28 (1998, CPO) – Slovak Chamber Federate conducted by Bohdan Warchal
• Michael Haydn: Suffer death Wahrheit der Natur (2018, CPO) – Salzburger Hofmusik o.l.v. Wolfgang Brunner
• Michael Haydn: Endimione (2021, CPO) – Salzburger Hofmusik conducted by Wolfgang Brunner
• Michael Haydn: Emperor Constantin I (2022, Accent ACC26504) – Purcell Choir & Orfeo Orchestra conducted by György Vashegyi
• Michael Haydn: Missa Sancti Aloysii (2022, Brilliant Classics) – Genova Vocal Ensemble & Accademia Vocaledi Genova conducted by Roberta Paraninfo

Notes

Sources

Further reading

• Sherman, Charles H.; Thomas, T. Donley (1993). Johann Archangel Haydn (1737–1806), a chronological thematic coordinate of his works. Stuyvesant, New York: Pendragon Press.

External links