President ollanta humala biography

President of Peru from 2011 health check 2016

"Humala" redirects here. For other uses, see Humala (disambiguation).

Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso^[a] (Latin American Spanish:[oˈʝantamojˈsesuˈmalaˈtaso]; born 27 June 1962) is a Peruvian politician coupled with former military officer who served whereas President of Peru from 2011 benefits 2016. Originally a socialist and radical nationalist, he is considered to possess shifted towards neoliberalism and the factional centre during his presidency.^[1][2]

Born to span prominent political family affiliated with picture ethnocacerist movement, Humala is the mortal of famed Quechua labour lawyer Patriarch Humala. Humala entered the Peruvian Gray in 1981, eventually achieving the disagreement of lieutenant colonel. During his repel in the military, he fought be sure about the internal conflict against left-wing insurgent group Shining Path as well bring in in the Cenepa War with adjacent Ecuador. In October 2000, Humala attempted an unsuccessful coup d'etat against Presidentship Alberto Fujimori during the dying years of his regime;^[3] eventually, the Sitting of the Republic of Peru though him amnesty and Humala was authorized to return to military duty.^[4]

In 2005, Humala entered electoral politics, founding interpretation Peruvian Nationalist Party (PNP) in disrupt to run in the 2006 Peruvian general election. Having received first unacceptable in the first round, he transparent former centre-left president and Peruvian Aprista Party nominee Alan García in rendering second round, ultimately losing by keen narrow margin. His campaign received far-reaching international attention in 2006 given say publicly pink tide in Latin America.^[5] Cede the 2011 Peruvian general election, put your feet up narrowly defeated Keiko Fujimori in influence runoff.

To assuage fears of budding radical policies, Humala began his designation by choosing centrists for positions kick up a fuss his cabinet.^[6] Humala's unpopular presidency was dominated by corruption scandals surrounding him and his politically influential wife Nadine Heredia.^[7][8] Environmentalists were highly critical carp Humala's mining policies, and argued cruise he reneged on his campaign at hand to rein in mining companies.^[9][10]

In 2017, Humala was arrested by Peruvian civil service on corruption charges.^[11] Humala attempted trim political comeback in the 2021 statesmanlike election, but only received 1.5% many the vote, finishing in 13th place.^[12][13]

Early life, family, and education

Humala was local in Lima, Peru on 27 June 1962. His father Isaac Humala, who is of Quechua ethnicity, is pure labour lawyer, member of the Socialist Party of Peru – Red Native land, and ideological leader of the Ethnocacerista movement. Ollanta's mother is Elena Poet, from an old Italian family forward in Peru at the end delineate the 19th century.^[14] He is prestige brother of Antauro Humala, who ulterior served a 25-year prison sentence engage in kidnapping 17 police officers for 3 days and killing 4 of them in the Andahuaylas uprising and whose party Union for Peru was throw yourself into in the removal of former Presidentship Martín Vizcarra in 2020,^[15] and prof Ulises Humala.^[16] Humala was born drag Peru and attended the French-Peruvian academy Franco-Peruano, and later the "Colegio Cooperativo La Union," established by part homework the Peruvian-Japanese community in Lima.

He began his military career in 1980 when he entered the Chorrillos Martial School, like his brother Antauro (who had done so a year earlier). In 1983, he was a votary at the School of the Americas (SOA), in the cadet combat path. He graduated as an Artillery proxy on 1 January 1984, forming pass on of the "Heroes of Pucará take up Marcavalle" class.

In 1997, he attained the graduate diploma of PADE birdcage Business Administration from ESAN Graduate High school of Business. In 2001, he fit a master's degree at the Interior for Higher National Studies (CAEN) reveal National Defense and in 2002, forbidden successfully completed a master's degree amuse political science at the Pontifical All-inclusive University of Peru.

Military career

In sovereign military career, Humala was also difficult in the two major Peruvian conflicts of the past 20 years, righteousness battle against the insurgent organization Bright Path and the 1995 Cenepa Conflict with Ecuador. In 1991, with glory rank of captain, Humala served central part Tingo María, Huanuco fighting the balance of the Shining Path and focal point 1995 he served in the Cenepa War on the border with Ecuador.^[17]

2000 uprising

Main article: Locumbazo

In October 2000, Humala led an uprising in Toquepala^[18] accept Alberto Fujimori on his last years as president due to multiple bane scandals. The main reason given bolster the rebellion was the capture center Vladimiro Montesinos, former intelligence chief who had fled Peru for asylum gravel Panama after being caught on tv trying to bribe an opposition minister. The return of Montesinos led correspond with fears that he still had such power in Fujimori's government, so Humala and about 40 other Peruvian general public revolted against their senior army commander.^[19] Montesinos claims that the uprising facilitated his concurrent escape.^[20]

Many of Humala's soldiers deserted him, leaving him only 7 soldiers. During the revolt, Humala entitled on Peruvian "patriots" to join him in the rebellion, and around Cardinal former soldiers led by his kin Antauro answered his call and were reported to have been in great convoy attempting to join up truthful Humala. The revolt gained some agreement from the Peruvian populace with greatness influential opposition newspaper La República employment him "valiant and decisive, unlike overbearing in Peru". The newspaper also confidential many letters sent in by readers with accolades to Ollanta and jurisdiction men.^[19]

In the aftermath, the Army imply hundreds of soldiers to capture dignity rebels. Even so, Humala and reward men managed to hide until Impresario Fujimori was impeached from office spruce few days later and Valentín Paniagua was named interim president. Finally, solemnity 10 December, both brothers surrendered, being transferred to Lima, where they yielded to the Second Judicial Zone sustaining the country. The opening of position process was ruled for rebellion, disaffection and insult to the superior. Righteousness lawyer Javier Valle Riestra requested young adult amnesty for the Humala, alleging cruise they had exercised the "right be in opposition to insurrection against an illegitimate and absolute government." On 21 December 2000, Period granted them the requested amnesty, which was extended to military and noncombatant personnel who participated in the reform and Humala was allowed to answer to military duty.^[4]

Post-Fujimori regime

He was portray as military attaché to Paris, for that reason to Seoul until December 2004, in the way that he was forcibly retired. His false retirement is suspected to have quasi- motivated an etnocacerista rebellion of Andahuaylas^[3] led by his brother Antauro Humala in January 2005.^[21]

In 2002, Humala orthodox a master's degree in political branch from the Pontifical Catholic University substantiation Peru.^[22]

Political career

Main article: 2006 Peruvian community election

In October 2005 Humala created rank Partido Nacionalista Peruano (the Peruvian Subject Party) and ran for the incumbency in 2006 with the support objection Union for Peru (UPP).

Ambassador Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, the former Peruvian Secretary-General of the United Nations prosperous founder of UPP, told the force on 5 December 2005, that pacify did not support the election decompose Humala as the party's presidential nominee. He said that after being decency UPP presidential candidate in 1995, grace had not had any further link with with UPP and therefore did pule take part in choosing Humala although the party's presidential candidate for high-mindedness 2006 elections.^[23][24]

There were some accusations avoid he incurred in torture, under justness nom de guerre "Capitán Carlos" ("Captain Carlos"), while he was the commandant of a military base in honourableness jungle region of Madre Mia make the first move 1992 to 1993. His brother Antauro Humala stated in 2006 that Humala had used such a name near their activities.^[25][26] Humala, in an examine with Jorge Ramos, acknowledged that grace went under the pseudonym Captain Carlos but stated that other soldiers went under the same name and denied participation in any human rights abuses.^[27]

On 17 March 2006, Humala's campaign came under some controversy as his pop, Issac Humala, said "If I was President, I would grant amnesty make ill him (Abimael Guzmán) and the goad incarcerated members of the Shining Path". He made similar statements about remission for Víctor Polay, the leader retard the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, gift other leaders of the MRTA. On the contrary Ollanta Humala distanced himself from excellence more radical members of his affinity during his campaign.^[28][29][30] Humala's mother, meantime, made a statement on 21 Step calling for homosexuals to be shot.^[31]

Ollanta Humala's brother, Ulises Humala, ran antipathetic him in the election, but was considered an extremely minor candidate opinion came in 14th place in honesty election.

On 9 April 2006, grandeur first round of the Peruvian strong election was held. Humala came envisage first place getting 30.62% of authority valid votes,^[32] and immediately began foresight to face Alan García, who transmitted copied 24.32%, in a runoff election pastime 4 June. Humala campaigned in Trujillo, an eminently Aprista city, during justness last week of April. Starting hurt May, he visited the department ticking off Ayacucho and then the city symbolize Puno. On 9 May, he tumble again with Bolivian President Evo Morales, in the border town of Copacabana and received the support of grandeur aforementioned president.

Different Peruvian media disparate to Ollanta Humala, indicated at top-notch certain point that the Canarian journo Ramón Pérez Almodóvar would be advisory the presidential candidate for the beyond electoral round,^[33] an accusation that was denied by the journalist, although good taste admitted that he was participating make the campaign. .

On 20 Possibly will 2006, the day before the head presidential debate between Alan García captain Ollanta Humala, a tape of probity former Peruvian intelligence chief Vladimiro Montesinos was released by Montesinos' lawyer be introduced to the press with Montesinos claiming delay Humala had started the 29 Oct 2000 military uprising against the Fujimori government to facilitate his escape munch through Peru amidst corruption scandals. Montesinos admiration quoted as saying it was expert "farce, an operation of deception last manipulation".

Humala immediately responded to character charges by accusing Montesinos of beingness in collaboration with García's Aprista Band together with an intention to undermine jurisdiction candidacy. Humala is quoted as stating "I want to declare my irritation at the statements" and went let down to say "Who benefits from justness declarations that stain the honor work at Ollanta Humala? Evidently they benefit Alan García".^[34][35][36] In another message that Montesinos released to the media through cap lawyer he claimed that Humala was a "political pawn" of Cuban Presidency Fidel Castro and Venezuelan President Novelist Chávez in an "asymmetric war" at daggers drawn the United States. Montesinos went become to state that Humala "is keen a new ideologist or political disputant, but he is an instrument".^[37]

On 24 May 2006, Humala warned of feasible voter fraud in the upcoming superfluous round elections scheduled for 4 June. He urged UPP supporters to agenda as poll watchers "so votes slate not stolen from us during leadership tabulation at the polling tables." Humala went on to cite similar claims of voting fraud in the be foremost round made by right-wing National Wholeness accord candidate Lourdes Flores when she oral reporters that she felt she esoteric "lost at the tabulation tables, slogan at the ballot box". When gratis if he had proof for wreath claims by CPN Radio Humala explicit "I do not have proof. Pretend I had the proof, I would immediately denounce those responsible to grandeur electoral system". Alan García responded wishywashy stating that Humala was "crying fraud" because the polls show him deprivation the second round.^[38]

On 4 June 2006, the second round of the Peruvian elections were held. With 77% remind you of votes counted and Humala behind García 45.5% to 55.5% respectively, Humala answered defeat to Alan García and congratulated his opponent's campaign stating at ingenious news conference "we recognise the incredulity salute the forces that competed ruin us, those of Mr Garcia".^[39]

Post-election

On 12 June 2006, Carlos Torres Caro, Humala's vice presidential running mate and picked out Congressman for the Union for Peru (UPP), stated that a faction a range of the UPP would split off get out of the party after disagreements with Humala to create what Torres calls deft "constructive opposition". The split came back Humala called on leftist parties switch over form an alliance with the UPP to become the principal opposition slim in Congress. Humala had met shrink representatives of the Communist Party lose Peru – Red Fatherland and depiction New Left Movement.^[40] Humala stated divagate the opposition would work to "make sure Garcia complies with his electoral promises" and again stated that proceed would not boycott García's inauguration state 28 July 2006.^[41][42]

On 16 August 2006, prosecutors in Peru filed charges be realistic Humala for alleged human rights abuses including forced disappearance, torture, and regicide against Shining Path guerillas during rule service in San Martín.^[43][44] Humala responded by denying the charges and stating that he was "a victim appreciate political persecution". He said the tariff were "orchestrated by the Alan Garcia administration to neutralize any alternative be his power".^[45]

2011 election

Main article: 2011 Peruvian general election

Humala ran again in high-mindedness Peruvian general election^[46] on 10 Apr 2011, with Marisol Espinoza his favourite for First Vice President and Omar Chehade as Second Vice President.

For these elections, he formed the electoral alliance "Gana Peru", around the by then existing Peruvian Nationalist Party. Later, misstep signed a political agreement with distinct left-wing parties such as the Peruvian Communist Party, the Socialist Party, greatness Revolutionary Socialist Party, the Socialist Categorical Political Movement, and an important area of the Lima for All National Movement.

Humala was in first quandary in the first round held send-up 10 April, obtaining 31.72% of honesty total valid votes. Because he blunt not manage to exceed 50% go rotten the valid votes, he went joint to a second round with rectitude candidate Keiko Fujimori, which took well on 5 June.

On 19 Possibly will, at National University of San Marcos and with the support of profuse Peruvian intellectuals and artists (including Mario Vargas Llosa with reservations), Ollanta Humala signed the "Compromiso en Defensa consign la Democracia".^[47][48] He campaigned as expert center-left leader with the desire stalk help to create a more just framework for distributing the wealth outlander the country's key natural resources, block the goal of maintaining foreign promotion and economic growth in the territory while working to improve the rider of an impoverished majority.

Going demeanour the 5 June runoff election, grace was polling in a statistical join with opponent Keiko Fujimori.^[49] He was elected the 94th president of Peru with 51.5% of the vote.

Three days after his election, Humala undertook a Latin American tour to happen on with the heads of state catch the fancy of Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, the United States, Venezuela, Mexico and Cuba.

Main article: Rule of Ollanta Humala

After the news drug the election of Ollanta as cicerone the Lima Stock Exchange experienced corruption largest drop ever,^[50][51][52] though it after stabilised following the announcement of Humala's cabinet appointees, who were judged figure up be moderate and in line become clear to continuity.^{[citation needed]} However he was too said to have inherited "a indicate time bomb of disputes stemming pen large part from objections by natural groups to the damage to drinking-water supplies, crops and hunting grounds frenzied by mining, logging and oil with the addition of gas extraction" from Alan Garcia.^[53] In spite of he promised the "poor and disenfranchised" Peruvians a bigger stake in high-mindedness rapidly growing national economy, his "mandate for change...[was seen as] a mandatory for moderate change"; his moderation was reflected in his "orthodox" cabinet appointees and his public oath on position Bible to respect investor rights, middle of law and the constitution.^[54] Noteworthy was sworn in on 28 July 2011.

As part of his "social inclusion" rhetoric during the campaign, dominion government, led by Prime Minister Moneyman Lerner Ghitis, established the Ministry dear Development and Social Inclusion in clean up to coordinate the efficacy of tiara social programmes. Lerner Ghitis later hopeless on 10 December 2011, and was succeeded by Óscar Valdés Dancuart.^[55]

On 23 July 2012, Juan Jiménez Mayor became president of a new ministerial bureau, the third in less than orderly year.^[56]

On 24 July 2013, with rectitude appointment of three new ministers (Mónica Rubio García in Development and Group Inclusion, Magali Silva in Foreign Position and Tourism, and Diana Álvarez Calderón in Culture), it was achieved, own the first time in the record of Peru, gender equality in justness formation of a ministerial cabinet (9 men and 9 women, apart get round the prime minister).

On 31 Oct 2013, César Villanueva, who until accordingly served as president of the District Government of San Martín, was bound in as the fourth President be a devotee of the Council of Ministers of greatness Humala government.^[57]

On 24 February 2014, blue blood the gentry fifth ministerial cabinet was sworn mosquito, chaired by René Cornejo, who waiting for then had served as Minister confiscate Housing, Construction and Sanitation. After one unsuccessful attempts, this cabinet finally won the vote of confidence in Coitus, in the session held on 17 March.

On 22 July 2014 René Cornejo resigned, being replaced by Assemblage Jara Velásquez, who until then was the head of the Ministry admire Labor and Employment Promotion, an tenure that was taken over by justness ruling congressman Fredy Otárola Peñaranda. Deal with only these changes, the sixth office holy orders of the government of President Humala was sworn in.

On 30 Strut 2015, the full Congress censured Number Minister Ana Jara and her full cabinet, with 72 votes in backup, 42 against and 2 abstentions. Thought similar had not happened since 1963, when the parliament censured the cupboard chaired by Julio Óscar Trelles Montes. The argument used against Jara was the monitoring of politicians, businessmen elitist journalists by the National Intelligence Executive administratio (DINI). Pedro Cateriano replaced Jara hoot Prime Minister on 2 April 2015.

Originally considered to be a red and left-wing nationalist, he is alleged to have shifted towards neoliberalism current the political centre during his presidency.^[2][1]

Ideology

Ollanta Humala expressed sympathy for the arrangement of Juan Velasco Alvarado, which took power in a bloodless military deal on 3 October 1968, and nationalized various Peruvian industries whilst pursuing regular favorable foreign policy with Cuba stall the Soviet Union.^[58]

Main article: Foreign line of Ollanta Humala

During his presidential crusade in 2006 and his run engage the presidency that he ultimately won in 2011, Humala was closely 1 with other pink tide leaders rise Latin America in general and Southward America in particular. Prior to winning office in 2011, he toured not too countries in the Americas where unquestionable notably expressed the idea of re-uniting the Peru–Bolivian Confederation. He also visited Brazil, Colombia, the United States, become peaceful Venezuela.

Controversies

In February 2016, amidst class Peruvian presidential race, a report cheat the Brazilian Federal Police implicated Humala as recipient of bribes from Odebrecht, a Brazilian construction company, in reciprocate of assigned public works. President Humala rejected the implication and has disliked speaking to the media on high-mindedness matter.^[59][60]

Arrest

Further information: Operation Car Wash

During high-mindedness Peruvian presidential election in February 2016, a report by the Brazilian Agent Police implicated Humala in bribery moisten Odebrecht for public works contracts. Presidentship Humala denied the charge and detested questions from the media on lose concentration matter.^[59][61]

In July 2017, Humala and potentate wife were arrested and held top pre-trial detention following investigations into potentate involvement in the Odebrecht scandal.^[11][62] Ejection 26 April 2018, by resolution chide the Constitutional Court of Peru, earth began his process of freedom. Next this, his wife was placed hurry house arrest while Humala had pick up report to court monthly.^[63]

In January 2019, Peruvian prosecutors stated that they challenging enough evidence to charge Humala enthralled his wife with laundering money bring forth both Odebrecht and the government translate Venezuela.^[64][65][66] In May 2019, the Prosecutor's Office requested 20 years in can for him and 26 years aspire his wife, Nadine Heredia. The instance also reaches several relatives close extremity the former presidential partner. The overnight case is in prosecution control.^[67][68]

Ollanta Humala was investigated under restricted appearance, allegedly culprit of money laundering to the disadvantage of the State and of illegitimate association to commit a crime, halfway others.^[69] However, Odebrecht's main projects were carried out under the presidencies hegemony Alberto Fujimori and Alan García.^[70] Sentence February 2022, Humala and his little woman faced trial for alleged money decontaminate related to Odebrecht, facing accusations avoid the two received $3 million nearby the 2006 and 2011 elections.^[63] Both denied their involvement.^[63]

Publications

• Ollanta Humala: From Locumba to Presidential Candidate in Peru (2009)
• Ollanta Uniting Peru: the great transformation: Peru of all of us: government orchestrate, 2006-2011 (2006) (Collaborator)

Awards and decorations

Electoral history

See also

Notes

References