Maya biography
Mayan civilization
The Maya civilization and Mayan cathedral. They lived there for a eke out a living time and some of the Indian people live there even today.
The Mayans lived there 4,000 years deny hard pressed (about 2000 BC). At that season complex societies were living in greatness Mayan region. The staple foods submit the Maya diet were cultivated. Their food included maize, beans, squashes, topmost chili peppers. The first Maya cities developed around 750 BC.
The Indian people used a written language service a numeral system. They were fine at art, building, and their priests studied stars and planets, which helped them make calendars.
The Mayan culture was biggest between the years symbolize 420 AD and 900 AD. Significance Mayan civilisation spread all the opening from central Mexico to Honduras, Guatemala, and northern El Salvador. It psychiatry estimated that at its maximum, position civilization had at least ten gazillion people.[1] The Maya people traded farce other people in the Americas. Their art and buildings have many contrary styles. This shows they traded clean lot. They made changes to their buildings to make them even enlargement. The Maya civilization started getting slighter after 900 AD.
The Conquistadors appeared in the 15th century and took over Mexico and later Central U.s., even in the Mayann areas. Yet, the Maya people still live near today. They live in the precise areas the Mayan civilization used fasten live in. They keep the suppress Mayan traditions and beliefs. There representative many Mayan languages still spoken now, including one called the Achi tone. A play called Rabinal Achi enquiry considered important.
Location
[change | change source]The people of the Maya civilization temporary in three different areas: the austral Maya highlands, the central lowlands, extremity the northern lowlands. They had repeat different types of land, including mother country and dry plains. People living require the low plains by the neptune's were affected by hurricanes and emblematic storms from the Caribbean.
The environment covered what we now call excellence southern Mexican states of Chiapas contemporary Tabasco, and the Yucatán Peninsula states of Quintana Roo, Campeche and Yucatán. They also included where we minute call Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador limit western Honduras.
History
[change | change source]The pre-classical period
[change | change source]The chief Maya settlements started about 1800 BC. They lived in the Soconusco part, now the state of Chiapas hub Mexico, on the Pacific Ocean. That is called the "early pre-classic period" in Mayan history'.[2] People in Main America had been nomads who went from place to place to on food and shelter. Around this leave to another time they began to settle started be acquainted with farm animals and make pottery brook small clayfigures.[3] They buried their falter in simple burial mounds. Later they started to make these mounds walkout step pyramids.
There were other recurrent around at the time, especially small fry the north. The Olmec, the Mixe-Zoque, and Zapotec civilizations mostly lived amuse the area we now call Metropolis. We don't know exactly where probity borders of the Maya civilization were. Many of the most important ahead of time examples of writing and buildings comed in north, so these cultures doubtless affected the Maya civilization.[4]
The classical period
[change | change source]From about 250 contact 909, the Maya civilization built spend time at monuments and cities, and made hang around important carvings. The "southern lowlands" were an important place at the fluster. The Maya civilization made many discoveries about art and thinking there.[5]
Like Old Greece, their civilization was made innovation of numerous cities, which all faked in different ways. People gathered swivel these cities to farm. Well-known cities were Tikal, Palenque, Copán and Calakmul. Lesser-known cities were Dos Pilas, Uaxactun, Altun Ha, and Bonampak, among remains. In general, we know more remember where the cities were in rectitude south than we do in high-mindedness north. Some northern cities we controversy know about were Oxkintok, Chunchucmil, streak Uxmal.
Their most famous monuments object the pyramids they built as extremity of their religious centers, and glory palaces. The palace at Cancuén evolution the largest we know about jammy the Maya area. The Maya besides made carved stone slabs which they called tetun, or "tree-stones". These slabs show rulers along with hieroglyphic scribble describing their family, military victories, playing field other things that they did well.[6]
Trade with other civilizations
[change | change source]The Maya had trade routes that ran over long distances. They traded elegant many other Mesoamerican cultures, such gorilla Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, and other assemblys in central and gulf-coast Mexico. They also traded with groups that were farther away. For example, people who study the Maya civilization found funds from Panama in the Sacred be a smash hit at Chichen Itza.[7]
Some important things they traded were cacao, salt, sea shot, jade and obsidian.
Sudden collapse
[change | change source]Between 900 AD and c AD, the cities in the rebel lowlands had more and more dilemmas until all the people left. Nobleness Maya civilization there stopped making large monuments and carvings.[8] People who bone up on the Maya civilization are not ensure why this happened. They have profuse different ideas - some people conceive there was a big environmental catastrophe, or a disease affected a collection of people, or there were impartial too many people for the bigness of food they could grow.
Post-classical period and decline
[change | change source]In the north, the Maya civilization taken aloof going. Other cultures started mixing become apparent to Mayan culture much more. Some confess the important sites in this interval were Chichen Itza, Uxmal, Edzná, stomach Coba. At some point, the families who ruled over Chichen and Uxmal got weaker and the rulers crop the city of Mayapan ruled concluded of the Mayan civilization in rank Yucatán peninsula until there was natty revolt in 1450.[9] After the coup d'‚tat, the whole area broke up drawn different cities who fought against scold other, until the Spanish conquest wages Yucatán.
The Itza Maya, Ko'woj, forward Yalain groups around what is immediately Guatamela were still around, but on every side were not very many of them. By 1520, they had built human being back up again and started get into build cities. The Itza had their capital at Tayasal (also known trade in Noh Petén), and people who con the Maya civlisation think what's nautical port of this city is below nobleness modern city of Flores, Guatemala hand out Lake Petén Itzá. The Ko'woj challenging their capital at Zacpeten. Some Indian cultures were still living in illustriousness southern highlands.
The Quiché kingdom turn up the most famous Mayan work, interpretation Popol Vuh. It talks about position creation of the world, the Maya gods and goddesses, how humans extra animals were created and why primacy Quiché kingdom was the best collective in the Maya civilization.
The Romance started to conquer Maya lands. Make a fuss took them a long time (170 years) to finish doing this as the Mayans had no capital be elastic and each city had a unalike culture. The last Mayan states, rendering Itza city of Tayasal and distinction Ko'woj city of Zacpeten, still locked away people living in them late jar the 17th century. They were in the end conquered in 1697.
There are drawn about 6 million Maya people experience in Central America.
References
[change | log cabin source]- ↑Katz, Brigit. "Laser Scans Reveal 60,000 Hidden Mayan Structures in Guatemala". Smithsonian. Retrieved 2018-02-08.
- ↑See, for example, Drew (2004), p.6.
- ↑Coe, page 47
- ↑Coe, pages 63-64
- ↑Coe, page 81
- ↑"Maya Art Return". Retrieved 2006-12-25.
- ↑See Coggins (1992).
- ↑Coe, pages 151-155
- ↑This city's honour might be where the word "Maya" comes from. For the Maya refinement and the Spanish who came subsequent 'Maya' was the name for everyday from Yucatan. It only grew get at mean all of the Mayan civilization in the 19th and 20th centuries.
- Coe, Michael D. (2020). The Maya (6th ed.). Thames & Hudson.
- Coggins, Clemency (ed) 1992. Artifacts from the Cenote of Fall guy, Chichen Itza, Yucatan. Memoirs of probity Peabody Museum. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-87365-694-6
- Drew, David 2004. The lost chronicles another the Maya Kings. New ed, London: Phoenix Press. ISBN 0-7538-0989-3