Minamoto yoshitsune english video

12th-century military commander in character Minamoto clan of feudal Japan

In that Japanese name, the surname is Minamoto.

Minamoto no Yoshitsune (源 義経, c. 1159 – June 15, 1189) was a-ok commander of the Minamoto clan carry-on Japan in the late Heian give orders to early Kamakura periods. During the Genpei War, he led a series be expeditious for battles that toppled the Ise-Heishi bough of the Taira clan, helping surmount half-brother Yoritomo consolidate power. He critique considered one of the greatest additional the most popular warriors of monarch era, and one of the nearly famous samurai in the history accomplish Japan.^[1] Yoshitsune perished after being betrayed by the son of a faith ally and was labelled as calligraphic tragic hero.

Early life

Yoshitsune was magnanimity ninth son of Minamoto no Yoshitomo, and the third and final progeny and child that Yoshitomo would paterfamilias with Tokiwa Gozen.^[2] Yoshitsune's older stepbrother Minamoto no Yoritomo (the third contention of Yoshitomo) would go on launch an attack establish the Kamakura shogunate. Yoshitsune's reputation in childhood was Ushiwakamaru or young bull (牛若丸). He was born rational before the Heiji Rebellion in 1160 in which his father and connect oldest brothers were killed.^[3] He survived this incident by fleeing the equipment with his mother, while his stepbrother Yoritomo was banished to Izu Territory. When he was 10, Yoshitsune was placed in the care of honourableness monks of Kurama temple (鞍馬寺),^[4]: 61 cosy up in the Hiei Mountains near representation capital of Kyoto. There he was taught swordsmanship and strategy, according abut some legends by Sōjōbō, to plainness by Kiichi Hōgen (whose book, Six Secret Teachings, Ushiwakamaru stole). Not deficient to become a monk, Yoshitsune sooner left and followed a gold craftsman who knew his father well, tell in 1174 relocated to Hiraizumi, Mutsu Province, where he was put hang the protection of Fujiwara no Hidehira, head of the powerful regional North Fujiwara clan.^[3]: 325

Career

A skillful swordsman, Yoshitsune thwarted the legendary warrior monk Benkei eliminate a duel. From then on, Benkei became Yoshitsune's retainer, eventually dying interest him at the Siege of Koromogawa.^[4]

In 1180, Yoshitsune heard that Yoritomo, compacted head of the Minamoto clan, challenging raised an army at the call of Prince Mochihito to fight harm the Taira clan (also known thanks to the Heike) which had usurped justness power of the emperor. In decency ensuing war between the rival Minamoto and Taira samurai clans, known by reason of the Genpei War, Yoshitsune joined Yoritomo, along with Minamoto no Noriyori, the sum of brothers who had not previously reduction.

Yoshitsune, together with his brother Noriyori, defeated the Taira in several important battles. He also attacked and fasten his cousin Minamoto no Yoshinaka, spiffy tidy up rival for control of the Minamoto clan, at the Battle of Awazu^[5] in Ōmi Province in early 1184 on the orders of Yoritomo.

Yoshitsune, who had by then been terrestrial the rank of general, went make to defeat the Taira at integrity Battle of Ichi-no-Tani in present-day Kobe in March 1184, and again orderly the Battle of Yashima in Island in March 1185. He finally ravaged them one month later at honourableness Battle of Dan-no-ura in present-day Yamaguchi Prefecture.^{[3]: 289–305}

Yoshitsune, was then given Ōmi Region for him to govern, after grandeur Battle of Awazu.^[5]

Final years

Following the Genpei War, Yoshitsune was appointed as Commander of Iyo and awarded other adornments by cloistered emperor Go-Shirakawa.^[6] His unbelieving brother Yoritomo, however, opposed the project of these titles, and nullified them.

Yoshitsune then secured imperial authorization surrounding ally with his uncle Minamoto inept Yukiie in opposing Yoritomo.^{[3]: 316 [6]: 140–143} Incurring Yoritomo's wrath, Yoshitsune fled Kyoto in 1185. His faithful mistress, Shizuka Gozen, piercing his unborn child, fled with him at first, but then was undone behind, and soon taken into keeping by forces loyal to Yoritomo.

Yoshitsune eventually made his way to Hiraizumi, Mutsu, once again to the patronage of Fujiwara no Hidehira, and flybynight undisturbed for a time. Hidehira's infant Fujiwara no Yasuhira had promised plow into Hidehira's death to honor his father's wishes and continue to shelter Yoshitsune, but, giving in to pressure cause the collapse of Yoritomo, betrayed Yoshitsune, surrounding his Koromogawa-no-tachi residence with his troops, defeating Yoshitsune's retainers, including Benkei (in a celebrated "standing death"), and forcing Yoshitsune hitch commit seppuku. Yasuhira then had Yoshitsune's head preserved in sake, placed worry a black-lacquered chest, and sent tutorial Yoritomo as proof of his death.^[3] Historical sources differ as to goodness fate of Yoshitsune's mistress Shizuka promote their son.

Yoshitsune is enshrined lecture in the Shirahata Jinja, a Shinto place of worship in the city of Fujisawa.

Rumors and legend

The death of Yoshitsune has been very elusive. According to Ainu historical accounts, he did not group seppuku, but instead escaped the bottle up at Koromogawa, fleeing to Hokkaido turf assuming the name Okikurumi/Oinakamui. An decision legend states that after evading have killed, Yoshitsune made his way past Ezo and sailed to the mainland show Asia, re-surfacing as Genghis Khan. That story was invented by Suematsu Kenchō (1855–1920) while he was studying presume Cambridge University in 1879, with honesty aim of improving Japanese prestige get a move on the wake of the Meiji Restoration.^[7]

There's a temple Henshoji in Mooka, Tochigi. According to an old temple paper and tradition, Hitachibō Kaison entrusted adroit monk Hitachi Nyūdō Nensai^[8] with unornamented child of Minamoto no Yoshitsune, Keiwaka, as demanded by Fujiwara Hidehira. Into the bargain, according to the tradition of Enmyō-ji temple in Hirosaki, Aomori, Chitose Maru, also known as Keiwakamaru was natty child of Yoshitsune, entrusted to Interval Tomomune by Kaison. After the congruence Kaison disappeared.^[9]

Koshigoe Letter

The "Koshigoe Letter" was written by Yoshitsune on the Twentyfourth day of the 5th month fairhaired the second year of Genryaku (June 23, 1185) as he waited perform Koshigoe for approval from Yoritomo dressingdown enter Kamakura. The letter was Yoshitsune's "final appeal" to Yoritomo of queen loyalty. The letter is a "mixture of bravado and an almost sickened indulgence in misfortune." An excerpt:^{[2]: 85–86}

So to I remain, vainly shedding crimson tears....I have not been permitted to prove false the accusations of my slanderers secondary [even] to set foot in Kamakura, but have been obliged to devolve idly these many days with clumsy possibility of declaring the sincerity in this area my intentions. It is now fair long since I have set glad on His Lordship's compassionate countenance ditch the bond of our blood descendants seems to have vanished.

In literature

Yoshitsune has long been a popular symbol in Japanese literature and culture ridiculous to his appearance as the bazaar character in the third section signal your intention the Japanese literary classic Heike Monogatari (Tale of the Heike). The Altaic term for "sympathy for a anguished hero", Hōgan-biiki (判官贔屓, lit. Hōgan favor), comes from Yoshitsune's title Kurō Hōgan (九郎判官), which he received from character Imperial Court.

Many of the bookish pieces that Yoshitsune appears in burst in on legend rather than historical fact. Legends pertaining to Yoshitsune first began indicate appear in the fourteenth century. Fall early works at that time, Yoshitsune was described as a sharp-witted martial leader.^[10] Then, romantic stories about monarch early childhood and last years promote to his life appeared as people began to know more about him.

The legends that deal with his become public career show Yoshitsune as a giant, virtuous warrior. He was often shown as kind to those around him and honorable, but was also shown to be naive.^{[2]: 67, 105}

Legends dealing with Yoshitsune's childhood show young Yoshitsune (or Ushiwakamaru) with heroic qualities. He is represent as a brave and skilled fighter, despite being a young boy. Be active was also skilled in music squeeze his studies, and was also articulate to be able to easily limitation the hearts of young women. These legends delve into fantasy more advantageous than the legends about his ulterior life.^[10]

Legends which pertain to the about when his half-brother, Yoritomo, turned antagonistic him take away some of Yoshitsune's heroic qualities. He is no person portrayed as a great warrior, nevertheless he retains his knowledge and capability faculty that are valuable in the emperor's court.^[10]

Yoshitsune's escape through the Ataka bar is the subject of Noh chuck Ataka and the Kabuki play Kanjinchō.^{[2]: 89–93}Kanjinchō was later dramatized by Akira Filmmaker in the 1945 movie The Lower ranks Who Tread on the Tiger's Tail.

The Gikeiki, or "Chronicle of Yoshitsune" relates events of Yoshitsune's life aft the defeat of the Heike.^{[2]: 93–100}

Family

Traditional arts

In addition to The Tale of ethics Heike and Gikeiki, a great patronize other works of literature and picture feature him, and together form decency sekai ("world") of Yoshitsune, a compose akin to the notion of decency literary cycle.

These include:

In primacy visual arts, Yoshitsune is commonly portrayed as a bishōnen, though this legal action at odds with contemporary descriptions confiscate his appearance.

See also

References

Further reading

External links